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(一)套取金融机构信贷资金又高利转贷给借款人,且借款人事先知道或者应当知道的;
(二)以向其他企业借贷或者向本单位职工集资取得的资金又转贷给借款人牟利,且借款人事先知道或者应当知道的;
(三)出借人事先知道或者应当知道借款人借款用于违法犯罪活动仍然提供借款的;
(四)违背社会公序良俗的;
(五)其他违反法律、行政法规效力性强制性规定的。
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担保合同是一种重要的民事合同,尽管我国合同法并未单列一章进行规定,但这绝不意味着它不重要,而是因为担保合同是一种从合同,其规定和其他主合同放到了一起。所以担保协议是具有法律效力的。
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根据《合同法》、《商业银行法》的规定,借款合同一般应包括以下条款:
1、借款种类
借款种类主要是按借款方的行业属性、借款用途以及资金来源和运用方式进行划分的。针对不同种类的借款,国家信贷政策在贷款的限额、利率等方面有不同规定,以体现区别对待、择优扶持的信贷原则。因此,借款合同一定要订明借款种类,它是借款合同必不可少的主要条款。
2、借款币种
借款币种即借款合同标的的种类。借款合同的标的除人民币外,还包括一些外币,如美元、日元、欧元等。不同的货币种类借款利率有所不同,借款合同应对货币种类明确规定。
3、借款用途
借款用途是指借款使用的范围和内容,即贷款在生产和再生产过程中与哪种生产要素相结合,它规定了贷款的使用方向。借款用途是由借款种类和条件所决定的,银行严格规定各种借款用途并监督贷款的使用情况,有利于保证国家产业政策的实施和国民经济的协调发展,同时也有利于保证贷款的安生性。
4、借款数额
借款数额,是指借贷货币数量的多少。任何合同都必须有数量条款,只有标的而没有数量的合同是无法履行的。没有数量,当事人权利义务的大小就无法确定,借款合同没有借款数额,就无法确定借贷货币的多少,也失去了计算借贷利息的依据,因此,没有借款数额条款,借款合同便不能成立。
5、借款利率
利率是指一定时期借款利息与借款本金的比率。利率的高低对确定借贷双方当事人权利义务多少至关重要,借款合同不能没有利率条款。
6、借款期限
借款期限是指借贷双方依照有关规定,在合同中约定的借款使用期限。借款期限应按借款种类、借款性质、借款用途分别确定。在借款合同中,当事人订立借款期限必须具体、明确、全面,以确保借款合同的顺利履行。
7、还款方式
还款方式,是指借款人采取何种结算方式将借款返还给贷款人。借款人一般可以采用一次结清和分期分批偿还,如果是分期的情况,应明确具体时间以及具体金额等。
8、违约责任
违约责任,是指当事人不履行合同义务时所应承担的法律责任。如果借款合同中缺少了违约责任条款,当事人的违约行为就失去了法律约束依据,当事人的权利就失去了保障,合同履行将受到严重的影响。借款合同中约定违约责任条款对于督促当事人及时、正确、全面地履行合同,保护当事人权益有重要意义,因此,也是合同的主要条款。
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