论合同诈骗罪的认定与处理
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本罪与民事欺诈行为的界限
本罪也往往同民事欺诈行为交织在一起,但是二者也有明显的区别,主要表现在以下两个方面:
(1)主观目的不同。民事欺诈是为了用于经营,借以创造履行能力而为欺诈行为以诱使对方陷入认识错误并与其订立合同,不具有非法占有公私财物的目的,只希望通过实施欺诈行为获取对方的一定经济利益,而合同诈骗罪是以签订经济合同为名,达到非法占有公私财物的目的。
(2)欺诈的内容与手段不同。民事欺诈有民事内容的存在,即欺诈方通过商品交换,完成工作或提供劳务等经济劳动取得一定的经济利益。而合同诈骗罪根本不准备履行合同,或根本没有履行合同的实际能力或担保。合同的民事欺诈一般无需假冒身份,而是以合同条款或内容为主,如隐瞒有瑕疵的合同标的物,或对合同标的物质量作虚假的说明和介绍等;而合同诈骗罪的行为人是为了达到利用合同骗取财物的目的,总是千方百计地冒充合法身份,如利用虚假的姓名、身份证明、授权委托书等骗取受欺诈方的信任。
(3)欺诈财物的数额不同。
(4)欺诈侵犯的客体不同。民事欺诈的客体是双方当事人在合同中约定的权利义务关系,如欺诈方骗来的合同定金、预付款等,都是合同之债的表现物;而合同诈骗罪侵犯的客体是公私财物的所有权,作为犯罪对象的公私财物始终是物权的体现者。
(5)欺诈的法律后果不同。民事欺诈是无效的民事行为,当事人可使之无效。若当事人之间发生争议,引起诉讼,则由民事欺诈方对其欺诈行为的后果承担返还财产、赔偿损失的民事责任,而合同诈骗罪是严重触犯刑律,应受刑罚处罚的行为,行为人对合同诈骗罪的法律后果要负担双重的法律责任,不但要负刑事责任,若给对方造成损失,还要负担民事责任。
(6)欺诈适用法律不同。民事欺诈虽在客观上表现为虚构事实或隐瞒真相,但其欺诈行为仍处在一定的限度内,故仍由民法规范调整;而合同诈骗罪是以非法占有他人公私财物为目的,触犯刑律,应受到刑罚处罚,故由刑法规范调整。
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