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对被执行人及其所扶养家属生活所必需的居住房屋,人民法院可以查封,但不得拍卖、变卖或者抵债。只有唯一住房不能当然认定该房屋系被执行人及其抚养家属“生活所必需居住的房屋”而不予拍卖、变卖或者抵债。
只有唯一住房不能当然认定为“生活所必需居住的房屋”,只有唯一住房也有可能被强制执行拍卖、变卖或者抵债。
对被执行人及其所扶养家属生活所必需的居住房屋,人民法院可以查封,但不得拍卖、变卖或者抵债。
《最高人民法院关于人民法院民事执行中查封、扣押、冻结财产的规定》第六条规定,对被执行人及其所扶养家属生活所必需的居住房屋,人民法院可以查封,但不得拍卖、变卖或者抵债。
“对被执行人及其所抚养的家属生活所必需的居住房屋,人民法院可以查封,但不得拍卖、变卖或者抵债。”该规定的立法宗旨是为了保障被执行人的基本居住问题,防止强制执行损害到公民的基本生存权。
判断“生活所必需的居住房屋”需综合考量具体因素,比如:
(一)被执行房屋的间数、面积、位置、价格等基本情况。
首先,被执行人及其所抚养家属生活所必需的居住房屋,应当考虑被执行人所抚养家属的具体人数。其次,还应当考虑被执行人拥有的住房的实际面积。参考住房所在地最低安置面积、居民住房最低标准以及人均住房面积等情况,如果该房屋的面积过大,明显超过以上标准,可以认定为不属于生活所必需的居住房屋;再次,还应当考虑该房屋的地段和价值。
(二)被执行房屋的实际居住情况。
被执行人及其家属必须实际居住在该房屋中,若被执行人及其扶养的家属并未居住在其中,该房屋闲置或出租,即可推定为被执行人有能力自行解决其居住问题,即使该房屋是被执行人的唯一房屋也可执行。
(三)被执行人的社会生存能力。
主要考虑被执行人的年龄、职业背景、收入、学历等情况。如被执行人年老体弱、无固定收入,如将唯一房产进行处理,就有可能影响到被执行人的基本生存权利。
(四)其他因素。
在判断是否为“生活所必需的居住房屋”时,除了考量房屋的因素、被执行人的因素外,有时还需要考量被执行人所抚养家属的情况、被执行人户籍与房产是否一致等其他因素。
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如果房管局、被执行人不配合,可以请求人民法院强制执行。法院会给房管局发协助执行函,将房产过户到自己的名下.
《民事诉讼法》第二百五十一条在执行中,需要办理有关财产权证照转移手续的,人民法院可以向有关单位发出协助执行通知书,有关单位必须办理。
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